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HyperText Markup Language - HTML References
In May 1998, the W3C HTML working group started working on the next generation of HTML,
with aim to a series of specifications defining XHTML - Extensible HTML.
XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText
Markup Language — A Reformulation of HTML 4 in XML 1.0 — became
W3C Recommendation in January 2000. XHTML 1.0 is the current W3C's
recommendation for the latest version of HTML, following on from earlier work on
HTML 4.01, 4.0, 3.2, and 2.0. The XHTML specification just redefinines HTML4 as
an application of XML, focused on differences and compatibility issues between
XHML 1.0 and HTML 4. The effective definition of HTML general structure, its
elements and attributes, basic data types and styles, are part of the
HTML 4.01 specification.
XHTML 1.0 provides the basis for a family of document types that extend
and/or subset XHTML, in order to support a wide range of new devices and
applications. Read more in the
HTML Activity Statement.
A brief history of HTML4 and XHTML:
- 26 July 2006: the eighth public Working Draft of XHTML 2.0 has been published.
- 1 August 2002: XHTML 1 specification revised and published as
XHTML 1.0 Second Edition.
- 26 January 2000: XHTML 1.0 Recommendation launched.
- 24 December 1999: HTML 4.01
published, an update for HTML 4.0 incorporating editorial corrections and
bug fixes for problems detected since HTML 4.0 became a Recommendation.
- 05 December 1998: first working draft for XHTML 1.0,
redefining HTML 4 in XML.
- 24 April 1998: HTML 4.0 Specification Revised.
- 18 December 1997: the HTML 4.0 Specification published
as Recommendation.
- 8 July 1997:
initial announce by W3C for the HTML 4.0 specification
as a preliminary version (working draft).
Entities
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The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
The World Wide Web - WWW project was initially developed at
CERN: European Laboratory
for Particle Physics, in 1991. A primeira especificação da
linguagem HTML - HyperText Markup Language - foi definida por
Tim Berners-Lee, no CERN. Atualmente, a documentação original do CERN é
mantida pelo W3C.
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Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group
WHATWG community, maintaining and evolving HTML since 2004.
WHATWG Blog, IRC,
Forums,
Specs,
Mailing Lists (Help for web
designers, Specifications feedback, Implementors notes), Wiki.
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The Web Standards Project
The Web Standards Project is a grassroots coalition fighting for standards
which ensure simple, affordable access to web technologies for all.
Introduction & Tutorials
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A Beginner's Guide to HTML (NCSA)
The most traditional introductory guide to HTML.
Also available in
Adobe Acrobat (PDF) format.
There is also
A Beginner's Guide to URLs.
Maintained by NCSA - The National Center for Supercomputing Applications,
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the inventors of the Web
and developers of the pioneer Web browser
NCSA Mosaic.
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Getting started with HTML
By Dave Raggett, revised 24 May 2005, W3C (World Wide Web Consortium).
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W3 Schools Online Web Tutorials
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HTML Tutorial
In this HTML tutorial you will learn how to use HTML to create your own Web site.
By W3Schools, Refsnes Data.
- HTML Goodies, by Dr. Joe Burns Ph.D.
The HTML Tutorials, JavaGoodies, The HTML Primers, Free Images,
HTML Goodies FAQ, Academic Links to Goodies etc.
HTML Primer.
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HTML Code Tutorial
HTML Code Tutorial goal is to provide the most helpful and complete guide
to creating web pages anywhere. If you're just beginning, start learning HTML
from Document Tags.
- PageTutor.com
- "HTML Tutorials for the rest of us"
So, you want to make a Web Page! -
Basic HTML tutorial by Joe Barta, a professional Web designer.
Other tutorials in the PageTutor series:
JavaScript Tutor,
CSS Primer,
Meta Tag Primer.
Quality Resources for Web
Authors.
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WDVL HTML Tutorial
HTML Tutorial, from the
Web Developer's Virtual Library (WDVL).
Authoring Tutorials
for Web Developers: Internet, HTML, CSS, CGI, ASP, PERL, PHP,
graphics, Java, JavaScript, DHTML, database, XML, etc.
- HTMLcenter
HTML, CSS, dHTML, Javascript, Tutorials, Reviews, Tips.
A CenterNetworks Site.
HTMLcenter Tutorials.
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Learning HTML 3.2 by Examples, by
Jukka Korpela, Finland.
Jukka "Yucca" Korpela is also especially working on comprehensive
tutorials/references for HTML 4.0.
In Portuguese
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Tutorial HTML do ICMC-USP
Mantido pelos webmasters do Instituto de Ciências Matemáticas e
de Computação (ICMC) da Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
- São Carlos.
Originalmente criado por Maria Alice Soares de Castro.
Introdução, HTML Básico (também para download),
HTML Avançado, Imagens, Interação.
- Guia de Iniciacao ao HTML,
tradução livre do "A Beginner's Guide to HTML" do NCSA,
por José de Albuquerque Moreira da UNB.
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Building Your Site
By Locaweb. Articles, tutorials and links on home page creation, Web
development tools, Web servers, programming and databases for the Web.
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HTML: Criando páginas na WWW, tutorial da USP.
Specifications & Complete References
- HyperText Markup Language - HTML
home-page at the W3 Consortium
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XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language (Second Edition)
A Reformulation of HTML 4.0 in XML 1.0
W3C Recommendation, 26 January 2000, revised 1 August 2002.
Copyright © 1998-2000 W3C (MIT, INRIA, Keio).
- HTML language specifications, published by W3 Consortium:
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W3C WAI Page Author Guidelines Working Group
Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, by W3C Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI).
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IETF - HyperText Markup Language (HTML) Working Group
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).
- HTML Help by The Web Design Group (WDG)
By Arnoud "Galactus" Engelfriet and company. Reference Guides.
Web Authoring Reference: HTML/CSS.
Tools: HTML Validator, CSSCheck, cg-eye, WiDGets.
FAQ Archives: Web authoring FAQ and Frequently Encountered Problems, CGI Programming FAQ.
Design Elements: Style Guide, Standards for HTML Authoring, Frames, Accessibility,
Image Tips, RGB Color Codes. Feature Articles, HTML Help BBS, Links.
WDG's Help files Distribution Download: HTML 4.0 Reference
and CSS Guide (Windows Help, MacOS Apple Help, OS/2 INF, HTML),
HTML 3.2 Reference (various formats).
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ZD Developer: Tag Library
By ZDNet Developer.
A comprehensive technical reference about all HTML and CSS tags.
The ZDNet Developer Tag Library attempts to collect as much information
as possible about Hypertext Mark-up Language and the popular browsers
that support it. As the language evolves, this library keep you
informed on all aspects of tag usage and support.
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MSDN Library - Web Development - HTML and CSS
HTML and DHTML Overviews and Tutorials,
HTML and DHTML Reference,
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), DHTML Behaviors, DHTML Data Binding,
Scriptable Editing, Web Multimedia, HTML Applications (HTA),
Accessibility, Technical Articles and Columns.
By
Microsoft Developers Network (MSDN), Microsoft Corporation.
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HTML at MDC
By
Mozilla Developer Center (MDC).
- The Bare Bones Guide to HTML
Lista todas as tags da especificação oficial de HTML 4.0 e 3.2,
mais as extensões Netscape, em um formato conciso e organizado.
Guia disponível em HTML e texto-puro. Traduzido para diversos idiomas,
inclusive
versão em Portugês, mas a versão mais atualizada é
em geral em Inglês.
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HTMLib - The HTML Reference Library v4.0
By Stephen Le Hunte.
HTMLib is a software with complete HTML Reference,
based on Windows HTML Help, with free download.
HTMLib Version 4.0 covers the HTML 4.0 Especification from W3C,
including Cascading Style Sheets (CSS1/2) and Dynamic HTML, as well as
documents especific elements that are supported by the browsers
Microsoft Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator 4.x and NCSA Mosaic 3.0.
HTMLib 4.0 requires
Windows with MSIE 4 or later and HTML Help installed.
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Character entity references in HTML 4.0
In Alan Wood's Unicode Resources,
Unicode and multilingual support in HTML, fonts, web browsers and other
applications. By Alan Wood. Old location:
www.hclrss.demon.co.uk/demos/.
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Index DOT Html
“The Advanced HTML Reference”. By Brian Wilson.
HTML Language, Historical Information, General Information.
Index DOT Css.
Quick References
DOCTYPE - Valid DTDs
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List of valid DTDs you can use in your document
DTD List by W3C: HTML 2.0, 3.2, 4.01, XHTML 1.0, 1.1, MathML 1.01, 2.0,
SVG 1.0, 1.1.
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The <!DOCTYPE> tag
By W3Schools.
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HTML Validation: Choosing a DOCTYPE
By Web Design Group (WDG), HTMLHelp.com, Liam Quinn.
DOCTYPE Switch: Strict (Standards) × Quirks CSS Modes
Character Set & Character Encoding
FavIcon - Favorites Icon
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Wikipedia: Favicon
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
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How to Add a Favicon to your Site
W3C Quality Assurance, draft in development.
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Favicon - Custom icons for your website
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How to Add a Shortcut Icon to a Web Page
MSDN Library, HTML and DHTML Overviews/Tutorials, Microsoft.
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What is Favicon.ico? Personalise Your Site's Bookmark
What is this mysterious FAVICON.ICO in your web server logs?
And How to Personalise Your Site's Bookmark in Visitor's Browsers.
By Christopher Heng, thesitewizard.com.
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Favorites Icon
By Ross Shannon, in HTMLSource - HTML Tutorials.
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FavIcon from Pics
Free web tool for creating still or animated favicons from regular images.
Simply select a picture, logo or other graphic (of any size/resolution) for
the "Source Image" and click "Generate FavIcon.ico".
By Chami.com - HTML Kit.
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Dynamic Drive - FavIcon Generator
Free online tool to easily create a favicon, from GIF, JPG, PNG, or BMP.
Transparency supported in GIF and PNG.
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Favicon Editor
Free, on-line favicon editor, by DeGraeve.com.
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Favourite Favicons
Daniel Burka favicons listing, result of collecting some personal favourite
favicons on the web, for interest's and posterity's sake.
By Daniel Burka, March 25, 2004, posted in his Delta Tango Bravo blog.
See also
favicon blog article, by Makiko Itoh, January 3, 2004.
Other References
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Using inline frames (iframe elements)
Using inline frames (iframe elements) to embed documents into HTML
documents, by Jukka "Yucca" Korpela.
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The Web Standards Project (WaSP)
Founded in 1998, The Web Standards Project is a grassroots coalition
fighting for standards that ensure simple, affordable access to web
technologies for all.
Standards reduce the cost and complexity of development while increasing
the accessibility and long-term viability of any site published on the Web.
WaSP works with browser companies, authoring tool makers, and other peers
to deliver the true power of standards to the web medium.
FAQ, Reference Charts (Color names, Character entities),
HTML and XHTML Conforming Templates, Resources, Glossary.
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The Web Robots Pages
robotstxt.org, the home of The Web Robots Pages.
This is the main source for information on the robots.txt Robots Exclusion
Standard and other articles about writing well-behaved Web robots.
Maintained by Martijn Koster. This information is in the public domain.
The Web Robots FAQ, Robots Exclusion, The Web Robots Database
(list of active robots), Robots Mailing List, Articles and Papers,
Related sites.
A Standard for Robot Exclusion: /robots.txt.
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Robots.txt Tutorial
By Search Engine World.
Robots.txt Validator.
- Mining Co.'s Guide to HTML
NetLinks: Accessibility, Anti-Aliasing, CSS, Dynamic HTML, Forms, Free CGIs, Free Graphics,
FTP Clients, Frames, HTML 4.0, HTTP Cookies, Learning HTML, Multimedia, Perl,
Speed, Style Guides, Meta Tags, Tables, Vi the Text Editor, Web Designers, Web Hosting,
Web Jobs, WebTV HTML, Writing for the Web, and more.
Articles, Guides, Community (boards, chat, events etc.),
Shopping (bookstore, marketplace, videostore).
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Web Mastery - HTML, The Language
Page at the HyperNews discussion Forums about Web and HTML (formerly
at NCSA),
includes related references
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